I am writing in response to the blog post at https://www.guru99.com/difference-information-data.html titled “Difference between Information and Data”. This is a topic that was covered in my Database Design and Applications class, but it is still a useful distinction to be familiar with for the purposes of software testing.
The blog post firstly individually defines data and information. Data is defined as a raw, unorganized collection of numbers, symbols, images, etc. that is to be processed and has no inherent meaning in and of itself. Information, on the other hand, is defined as data that has been processed, organized, and given meaning. My general understanding of the difference between information and data is that data is information without context, and that seems to be consistent with what how the blog post is explaining it.
There is a long table of contrasting descriptions of different attributes of data and information listed on the blog post; data has no specific purpose, it is in a raw format, it is not directly useful and has no significance, whereas information is purposeful, dependent on data, organized and significant. One particular property is labeled “knowledge level”, where data is described as “low level knowledge” and information is said to be “the second level of knowledge.” I have never considered “levels” of knowledge before, this seems to suggest that there are multiple additional categories. It later mentions “knowledge” and “wisdom” as additional categories. DIKW (Data Information Knowledge Wisdom) is explained, which is something I have never heard of before. It is a model used for discussing these categories and the relationships between them. An example it provides lists an example value for data as “100”, information as “100 miles”, knowledge as “100 miles is a far distance”, and wisdom as “It is difficult to walk 100 miles by any person, but vehicle transport is okay.” These additional levels of knowledge seem to further process and contextualize the information. I think that it would have been interesting if it expanded further on these topics and how things like knowledge and wisdom are significant independently from data and information, and whether further levels of knowledge exist even beyond that.
From the blog CS@Worcester – klapointe blog by klapointe2 and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.