https://testsigma.com/blog/levels-of-testing/#:~:text=The%20most%20common%20types%20of,system%20testing%2C%20and%20acceptance%20testing.

Different levels of testing software is very important when it comes to quality assurance and each of the different levels is based on different combinations of things that help ensure the best conditions and functionality of your software. The four different levels of testing are as follows: “Unit Test” which tests an individual component, “Integration Test” which tests an integrated component, “system Test” which tests the entire system and “acceptance Test” which tests the final system otherwise known as the final product.

Unit Testing is used to outline the expectations of a program or outline its functionality which in essence makes sure that certain parts of the program function as intended. Integration testing allows you to test groups of functions to make sure that they interact properly with each other which is a step above unit testing. System testing is similar to integration testing as it tests a ‘group’ of functions but this group is now comprised of every part of the program/application. Acceptance testing then tests all functional and non functional aspects of the program in order to ensure proper functionality, security, etc.

I selected the levels of testing as a topic as it directly relates to the types of testing we have been doing in class. We have been testing functionality of different bodies of code so far during this semester and we have used different techniques including but not limited to equivalence class testing, edge case testing, worst case testing, boundary value testing, etc. I would say that most if not all of these testing types would fall under the unit testing level of software testing as we have for the most part testing individual system components being able to learn about the different levels of testing makes me excited to continue on through the levels of testing.

This source was very helpful when it came to learning about the other levels of testing we have not used during class yet and I would recommend this article to any of my fellow students although this article does not go extremely in depth when it comes to the different levels of testing it does give you a good general understanding of each level so that you can go on to learn more without getting confused between the different levels of testing. The diagrams and explanations of the software sequence are valuable resources for a software testing course.

From the blog CS@Worcester – Dylan Brown Computer Science by dylanbrowncs and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Boundary testing is a technique that “involves evaluating data based on boundary values… such as minimums and maximums.” It involves testing the lower and upper limits of a domain of inputs, as well as values just inside and outside those limits. This technique helps improve software quality by detecting defects early in the development process, which ultimately saves time and resources. This is due to the fact that “the number of defects at the boundaries of an input domain tends to be higher than in other areas of the domain.” 

Going back to how it saves time and resources, it helps developers choose more efficient test cases, which cuts down on time and how much they have to do, especially with large sets of data and number of inputs to consider. Furthermore, this technique “allows for a lot of uniformity and the test cases are much smaller” meaning that it can be automated. This would save more time, possibly result in less errors than if a person were to write the test cases, and allow for developers to put their focus on other tests or somewhere else, resulting in increased productivity. 

Boundary testing involves determining the input value range, which is whatever values the system accepts. Values inside that range are valid while those outside are invalid. Test cases are then created based on the values at the extreme ends, end values, and values just before and after the end values. For example, with a range of 0 to 100, we test values less than 0 (-50), greater than 100 (150), values around and at 0 and 100 (-1, 1, 99, 101). 

Another example the article shares is one that allows users to create a password. The password has to be 5 digits meaning that the range is 10000 at minimum and 99999 at maximum. Any combination of numbers is valid as long as it is 5 digits long, meaning that 4 digit long and 6 digit long passwords are outside the range and are invalid. 

Boundary testing seems like a very useful testing technique with very little downsides. It’s a black-box testing technique which usually means that testers don’t need extensive knowledge of coding, computer science, or the system at hand. It also seems very easy to do as long as all the necessary knowledge for testing is provided. Seeing as how it can also be easily automated, it may be more efficient to focus on more complex or time-consuming testing techniques while this test is running in the background or on the backburner.

https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/what-is-boundary-testing

From the blog CS@Worcester – Kyler's Blog by kylerlai and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Software testing is a crucial aspect of the software development lifecycle. Among various testing techniques, Boundary Value Testing and Equivalence Class Testing stand out for their effectiveness in identifying defects early in the development process. In this blog post, we delve into these two techniques and discuss their implementation using JUnit, a popular Java testing framework.

Boundary Value Testing: Boundary Value Testing focuses on testing the boundaries of input ranges. The rationale behind this technique is that bugs often lurk around the edges of acceptable input values. By testing values at the boundaries, we increase the likelihood of uncovering potential defects. For example, if a function accepts input within the range of 1 to 100, we would test values such as 0, 1, 100, and 101.

In JUnit, implementing Boundary Value Testing involves writing test cases that specifically target boundary values. By using assertions to verify the behavior of the function at these critical points, developers can gain confidence in the robustness of their code.

Equivalence Class Testing: Equivalence Class Testing aims to reduce redundancy in test cases by partitioning the input domain into equivalence classes. Each equivalence class represents a set of input values that should produce the same output when processed by the function under test. By selecting representative values from each equivalence class, testers can ensure adequate coverage without testing every possible input value.

In JUnit, implementing Equivalence Class Testing involves creating test cases that cover each equivalence class. Test inputs are chosen strategically to represent the entire range of possible inputs within each class. This approach not only improves test coverage but also makes test suites more manageable and maintainable.

Combining Boundary Value Testing and Equivalence Class Testing: While both techniques offer unique benefits, they are most effective when used together. By combining Boundary Value Testing to test the edges of input ranges and Equivalence Class Testing to cover representative values within each range, testers can achieve thorough test coverage with minimal redundancy.

Boundary Value Testing and Equivalence Class Testing are powerful techniques for improving the quality of software. By leveraging JUnit, developers can easily implement these techniques within their Java projects. By understanding the principles behind these testing strategies and applying them effectively, teams can build more robust and reliable software products.

Incorporating these testing techniques into your development workflow can help catch bugs early, reduce the risk of defects slipping into production, and ultimately enhance the overall quality of your software.

Link: JUnit 5 – User -guide/

From the blog Discoveries in CS world by mgl1990 and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

While looking for more articles online involving testing, I came across SauceLabs. This website is another compendium of blogs, similar to stickyminds mentioned in my last blog. The layout and articles on this website were an excellent selection of resources dedicated to testing and quality assurance. While running through many bugs in my most recent projects and assignments, I was searching for an article dedicated to programming bugs. I found an article that fit my needs, dedicated to the differences between severity and priority of bugs, which is something I had not previously considered. The article’s title is Understanding Bug Severity vs. Priority: Key Differences and Best Practices by Chris Tozzi

The article provides (as the title indicates) a breakdown of bug severity and bug priority in software testing. It explains that bug severity is primarily concerned with the impact of a bug on the system’s functionality. Issues are categorized into the following levels of severity: critical, major, minor, and trivial. Each of these have a different level of impact on the system. For example, critical bugs may cause system crashes, while trivial bugs have a small functionality and performance impact. Bug priority focuses on the order in which bugs should be addressed, considering various factors that will impact the job as well as the program, such as deadlines, or bugs that are caused by higher priority bugs. Bugs with high priority require immediate attention, and those with low priority can be addressed later as the program develops and is tested further. It is an extremely important skill to be able to identify the severity and priority of bugs throughout the system and its development, so as to facilitate a smoother and more efficient development cycle. The article also provides some examples, such as a critical severity bug that causes data loss. This bug would ALSO have high priority because it is causing a lot of damage to the system’s structure.The article offers very useful recommendations for bug reports such as: establishing clear classification guidelines for bugs (priority/severity levels), communicating efficiently within teams, or reassessing bug statuses frequently.

I chose this blog because of my most recent experience in my assignments and projects. I had found that many bugs relied on each other, and I had never previously taken the initiative to learn more about bugs. When working with a team in industry, I will now have an understanding of how bugs are classified, as well as how to manage bug reports. This is something I had very little experience with prior to this article, and I will make sure to put extra effort into bug reports in my own projects with peers. I will continue to look into articles about bugs, testing, and QA to further improve my knowledge.

Source:
https://saucelabs.com/resources/blog/bug-severity-vs-priority

From the blog CS@Worcester – WSU CS Blog: Ben Gelineau by Ben Gelineau and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

In software development, Unit Testing turns out to be a crucial phase within the software testing lifecycle, ensuring that each component or “unit” of the software performs as intended and designed. I chose this topic really because it is all we have been doing the past 2 weeks in class and the whole course is about Quality Testing and Assurance so it makes sense. Also Since I am not a software developer (I’m a Data Analytics kinda guy) I have been trying really hard to motivate and enjoy the struggle of doing this courses assignments.

The GeeksforGeeks article provides a comprehensive overview of Unit Testing, defining it as a level of software testing where the individual units/components of a software are tested. The primary goal is to validate that each unit of the software code performs as expected. Unit Testing is typically performed by developers themselves or by QA engineers, emphasizing the importance of testing small parts of the project independently for errors. The article outlines the process, benefits, and challenges of Unit Testing, along with examples of tools that facilitate this testing method, such as JUnit for java and NUnit for .NET framework applications.

I went with this specific post because of the clarity and depth in explaining Unit Testing. It aligns perfectly with out course’s focus on Software quality and Testing, providing a solid foundation for understanding the complexities and nuances of unit testing within the software development lifecycle.

Upon reflecting the content, the article really highlighted the significance of Unit Testing in early bug detection, which not only saves time but also costs in the later stages of development. The emphasis on Unit Testing as a foundation for more comprehensive testing methods resonated with my understanding of a layered system strategy. It was really interesting to learn about the various tools and frameworks that support Unit Testing (though I may not know how to use them) across different programming languages, showing the universality and critical nature of this testing approach.

The knowledge gained from the article will reinforce my commitment to integrating Unit Testing future development projects. Recognizing its rile in maintaining high quality code and facilitating agile development processes. I am motivated to delve deeper into Unit Testing frameworks.

Unit Testing emerges as an indispensable practice in software development. The article serves as a valuable resource for understanding the principles and practices of Unit Testing, leading to a deeper appreciation for meticulous testing methodologies. As I move forward the principles outlined in this resource will be guiding my approach to quality assurance and testing

From the blog CS@Worcester – Josies Notes by josielrivas and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

For this week’s blog post, I chose the article “Behavior Testing | What it is, Why & How to Automate?” from testsigma.com. I selected this article because it fits within the Behavioral testing section in the course topics section of the syllabus. This article goes into great detail about behavioral testing, from discussing what it is to explain how AI could be used in its implementation. For this blog post, however, I will discuss the sections on what behavioral testing is and a couple of methods that can be used to catch errors with behavioral testing.

The article describes behavioral testing as a form of functional testing designed to test the external functionality of a system. “Behavior testing or behavioral testing is a type of testing that focuses on testing the external behavior of a software application. It is a type of functional testing. It helps ensure that software systems meet the expectations and requirements of end-users, making it a valuable part of the software development and testing process. Behavior testing is also known as black-box testing.” As described by the article, behavioral testing is essential to ensure that the systems or products you are designing work well enough so your customers can use them efficiently. There are many different methods when using behavioral testing to find errors, such as equivalence partitioning.

According to the article, one method that can be used with behavioral testing that is good at finding errors is Equivalence Partitioning. “The equivalence partitioning testing technique involves dividing the input data into different classes or partitions, such as valid and invalid data, assuming the system will behave the same for both inputs. Example – For a login form, if the password requires at least eight characters, you might test one case with a 6-character password (invalid) and another with a 10-character password (valid).” When using equivalence partitioning, because you are dividing inputs into separate groups, in a way, you can do two things at once. One is that the system functions as it should with valid inputs, and the other can catch invalid inputs. Another way behavioral testing can be implemented is through boundary value analysis.

According to the article, boundary value analysis is a form of behavioral testing focusing on the possible range of inputs, specifically numerical inputs. “It focuses on testing the boundaries of input ranges, as errors often occur at the edges of these ranges. Test cases are designed for values at the lower and upper boundaries and just above and below. Example – If an input field accepts values from 1 to 100, the test data can be 0, 1, 2, 99, 100, and 101.” This kind of testing can be very helpful in making sure that you have accounted for the possible range of inputs that a user may enter, both valid and invalid.

Article: https://testsigma.com/guides/behavior-testing/

From the blog CS@Worcester – P. McManus Worcester State CS Blog by patrickmcmanus1 and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Dive into the world of JUnit, the leading Java testing framework. Learn how JUnit streamlines writing, running, and managing tests for robust Java applications.

Introduction to JUnit: Elevating Java Testing to New Heights

Testing is the backbone of any robust software development process, and when it comes to Java, JUnit is the name of the game. As a pivotal Java testing framework, JUnit simplifies the creation and management of tests, ensuring your code stands up to the rigors of use. But what makes JUnit the go-to framework for Java developers? Let’s dive in and uncover the essentials of JUnit, from its core functionalities to setting up your first test suite, ensuring you’re well-equipped to harness the full power of this testing framework.

A Deep Dive into JUnit’s Capabilities

JUnit, inspired by the xUnit architecture, provides a structured way to write and run automated tests. This flexibility extends to various types of tests, including unit, integration, and functional tests, each serving a unique purpose in the development lifecycle. Unit tests scrutinize individual components for correctness, integration tests ensure components work seamlessly together, and functional tests validate the system’s operation against requirements.

At its core, JUnit facilitates test creation through annotations, enabling straightforward test case structuring. Assertions play a critical role here, allowing developers to validate expected outcomes. Additionally, JUnit’s test runners and suites offer a streamlined approach to execute and organize tests, complemented by comprehensive reporting tools that shed light on test outcomes.

Setting the Stage for JUnit Testing

Getting started with JUnit is a breeze, especially within popular IDEs like Eclipse. Installation is straightforward, involving the addition of JUnit to your project’s build path. Once set up, creating a standard test file is your first step toward leveraging JUnit’s testing prowess. This involves defining test methods, utilizing JUnit’s annotations, and employing assertions to verify code behavior.

Crafting Your First Test Class

A well-structured test class is your blueprint for effective testing. Adherence to best practices, such as minimizing class size and focusing on relevant tests, is paramount. Utilize assertions to enforce expected outcomes, and maintain regular test runs to catch and rectify issues early. This iterative process not only enhances code quality but also bolsters your confidence in the software you develop.

Conclusion: Unlocking JUnit’s Full Potential

JUnit’s significance in Java development cannot be overstated. By facilitating efficient, reliable testing, JUnit empowers developers to produce higher-quality code. Whether you’re new to JUnit or looking to refine your testing strategy, understanding and applying JUnit’s features will undoubtedly elevate your development process. So, why not take the leap and integrate JUnit into your next Java project? With the right approach, you’re set to unlock the full potential of this powerful testing framework.

From the blog CS@Worcester – Coding by asejdi and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.