For this week’s blog, I have decided to go over the SOLID set of design principles. The blog article “SOLID design principles: Building stable and flexible systems” by Anna Monus describes SOLID and gives solid examples of each design principle with code and UML diagrams.

Single responsibility

Each class should only have a
single responsibility, such as handling data or executing logic. While this
increases the number of classes in a program, this will allow easier
modification of the code and code clarity.

Open/Closed

Classes should be open to extension
and closed to modification. This means that new features should be introduced
through extension and not through modifying existing code. The open/closed
principle allows programs to expand with new features without breaking the old.

Liskov substitution

Named for its creator Barbara
Liskov, the Liskov substitution principle states that a subclass should be able
to replace its superclass without breaking the properties of the program. This
means that a subclass shouldn’t change its superclass’ characteristics, such as
return types. Following this principle will allow anything that depends on the
parent class to use the subclass as well.

Interface segregation

Interface segregation states that
classes should not have to implement unused methods from an interface. The
solution is to divide the interface so that classes can implement only the
desired methods. I found this principle to be easier understood from a visual
example and I found the article’s UML diagram for interface segregation useful
for this.

Dependency inversion

High and low-level modules should
depend on abstractions. It is common to think that high-level classes should
depend on low-level classes, but this makes expanding the code difficult so
it’s best to have a level of abstraction between the two levels. The article’s
UML example for this principle shows how the abstraction level allows for easy
expansion.

The SOLID principles are important for code architecture as
it makes code expansion simple and easy to understand. I have found myself
applying SOLID principles to a project I have been playing with, a simple GUI
animation. Originally, I had drawn objects handling their own draw and movement
methods, but by using the single responsibility principle I separated the
movement-based code to its own class and used composition between classes. This
allowed for me to be able to use the movement code (contains position,
velocity, and acceleration values and methods) for all the different objects
that I make. I also made use of the O, L, and D of SOLID to handle the drawn
object hierarchy allowing my frame class to depend on an abstraction of all my
drawn objects. I use a loop to cycle through all drawn objects in a linked list
that’s type is an abstraction of all drawn objects. I can tell that the
structure of the code has made adding new functionality easy and intuitive.

Article Link:         https://raygun.com/blog/solid-design-principles/

From the blog CS@Worcester – D’s Comp Sci Blog by dlivengood and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

What is the RESTful architecture style and what is it good
for? Well I am here to break that down for you. REST stands for representational
state transfer, and it is an interface that can be implemented in order to help
with abstracting resources. In order for a system to be considered RESTful,
they must implement 5 guiding principles. The first principle is client-server
which deals with the separation of user-interface and data storage. The next principle
is that it must be stateless, meaning when information is requested, all the information
must be present and cannot be stored on the server. The next principle of REST
is that the data must be labeled either cacheable or non-cacheable. If the
information is cacheable, it is stored on a client cache. The fourth principle
deals with having a uniform interface. The next principle is the layered system
which allows for a hierarchy of layers to implement constraints.

Now that the principles have been laid out, the next main
part of REST is the information and data it deals with. A resource in REST is
the abstraction of information. Resources can be anything containing a name from
documents, pictures, and so on. REST then uses resource identifiers to be able
to find what resource is needed. Resources contain resource representation,
which is a timestamp of the resource containing the data, metadata, and hypermedia
links. REST contains resource methods which can be used for working with the data.
Many people associate REST with HTTP methods of GET/PUT/POST/DELETE however
since REST has a uniform interface, the user will be able to decide which
resource methods to use. However, with REST you are able to utilize these HTTP
methods in order to help with resources. The most common implementation has GET
to retrieve resources, PUT to change or update a resource and POST to create a
resource. Obviously DELETE is used to delete resources.

RESTful API’s are very beneficial when working with cloud
computing and working with the web. Because REST does not store any information
between executions; is stateless, this allows for the for scaling. This also
means that the if anything fails, it will be easy to re-work since nothing was
stored on the server. This makes it particularly useful for websites as well because
a user will be able to freely interact with the website while not storing any
information with-in it. If you want to read more on REST and RESTful API, look
into these two websites.

https://restfulapi.net/

https://searchapparchitecture.techtarget.com/definition/RESTful-API

From the blog CS@Worcester – Journey Through Technology by krothermich and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

The white belt as an apprenticeship pattern is what it sounds like. You are at the beginning of your journey and have a deep understanding of your first language. The problem arises when you are struggling to learn new material and it is harder to piece things together than when you started learning your first programming language. The author relates the solution back to Star Wars quoting Yoda, “You must unlearn what you have learned”. By doing so, this accelerates the learning process because you don’t try to relate things back to your current language but instead connect neurons together when trying to understand the new concepts you are learning.

I agree with the many things the author taught in this apprenticeship pattern. That too is how I learn new tools and technologies on my own but on the other hand, I always try to relate it back to my strongest, most knowledgeable language, and see if there are similar concepts and if there are ways to carry out a task more efficiently.

From the blog CS@Worcester – Dcanton Blog by dcantonblog and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

I thought the title of The Long Road would make for an interesting pattern to read, so I chose it for this particular post. This pattern describes the path that a craftsman will have to take to become a master throughout their career. This is specific to becoming a master of software development and not particularly for what is traditional success in a career path that we as newly graduating software engineers are “expected” to follow.

For this reason, I honestly disagree with the general idea of this pattern completely. The pattern does make it clear that this is the path specifically for people whose life goal is to become the best at software development and does not seek anything else out of a career in software development. I don’t see this as the norm, or generally good advice in any regard. I also feel that it is important to state that this is merely my opinion, but also one that I strongly believe in. From everything that I read about software developers who stick strictly to software development throughout their careers, they often burn out but also feel that it is too late in their careers to do anything else. These are engineers in their late 40’s and 50’s who have been working for the same company for well over a decade and feel that their knowledge in software development is so narrow because of a lack of exposure to other tech and other business domains. While this is not always the case, this is just what I’ve read and have been exposed to personally.

The pattern also preaches how admiral it is to stick to this strictly developer mindset and how money and promotions should not be a focus for you. While I think that this is important to not be the only focus in a career, this is just silly. Promotions and salary should not be a measure of your success but they should be something we all seek, and a goal for people to strive for throughout their careers. The way this pattern is worded, it seems to try to even nudge readers away from positions like architects where you aren’t specifically writing code on a day to day basis. It wants readers to avoid big picture positions and exclusively stick to coding. There is always more to learn in coding and we should all do something we love, but coding should not be the only aspiration for our careers. For that reason, this article has not changed how I will approach my career, but possibly reinforced the goals I previously had.

From the blog CS@Worcester – The Road to Software Engineering by Stephen Burke and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

This method talks about how indulging in your own artistic nature isn’t always the best option even if you think the product would turn out better if you did it this way. If you are being paid to build something that will solve a problem, this method of Craft over Art explains you need to really consider the situation at hand. In this method, the situation that is discussed is that you believe that you are able to do something outstanding and fantastic that will impress your colleagues. In this situation, you are building something for a user. You shouldn’t be indulging in artistic expression. A lot of the times when we are handed with a task, we can sometimes think about the most outstanding ways to do something, rather than just to get the task done. This can go two ways. Doing something outstanding for a task can be great and have it’s benefits, but what will it cost the effectiveness of it? On the other hand, we can do the task at hand and that will be that. We won’t be able to put any personal expression in it, but is that a bad thing? Of course it isn’t a bad thing. This method seems to be very similar to function over form.

It is a matter of situational awareness. This is something I really enjoyed from this article. Make more straightforward choices and do not try to “sugar coat” solutions. As soon as you start making unfavorable trade offs in certain scenarios, the outcome will not always be as you like. in other words if you want a straightforward answer, you should provide a straight forward solution. Even though this isn’t always the case, I learned that you should always try your best to just try and perform the basic tasks first without adding anything extra or unique. Quality takes time, but having the correct operations in a product is what can make all the difference.

From the blog CS@Worcester – Amir Adelinia's Computer Science Blog by aadelinia1 and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

For this weeks blog post I will be looking into the pattern where are you told to “Stay in the Trenches”. Here you are advised to stay in the trenches even if you are offered release off the front lines into a much safer area. What does this mean in a modern day environment well you are on the “front line” to say of a programming job where you in a “grunt” position where basic programming duties fall upon you. One day you are offered a promotion where you will no longer be programming or doing to say the “dirty work” but in a more comfortable position. As it says in the pattern that most people always assume a promotion into management is associated with success. Thinking that if anyone is offered a position like that it’s a no brainier to take, meaning you are doing good.  The reason going into a management position where you are out of the trenches is that your mastery fades due to you not practicing it anymore. To counter this maybe working with your employer to find other rewards for your good work whether that be more pay or other nontraditional technical leadership roles. If your employer is inflexible then it is perhaps better to seek opportunities elsewhere. This pattern is very interesting to me as it makes a lot of sense to stay in the trenches for experience rather than dwindle. It also falls upon the person to decide whether or not they want to stay on the front line or go up the ladder into a management position.  Someone may feel more comfortable or even get more out of a management position instead of being a front line programmer. But again, that is all up to the individual and isn’t really predetermined in my mind. It all depends on what you want to do with your career and so forth so its hard to tell if I could see myself applying this method to a real life situation.

From the blog CS@Worcester – Matt's Blog by mattyd99 and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

For the seventh week’s reading, I chose to read the pattern, Concrete Skills. This pattern focused on the problem where you want to work on a talented team to learn more and improve yourself. However, the risk of hiring someone who may not contribute directly to the work and could be a baggage is too high. The solution to this is to “acquire and maintain” concrete skills. Examples of these concrete skills are as listed “writing build files in various popular languages, knowledge of various popular open source frameworks like Hibernate and Struts, basic web design, JavaScript, and the standard libraries in your language of choice”. The objective of these concrete skills is to present enough understanding of what you can do on day one. This will provide a chance where your likelihood of being hired is increased. However, when you are hired, you do not have to repeat the steps in the future because you likely have built a reputation and portfolio with your current job. As such, credibility has been established and should prove to future teams that you can be useful on day one.

What I found interesting about this pattern is that it mentions “getting past crude HR filters and managers who construct teams by playing buzzword bingo”. This relates to stories I heard of HR or managers who do not have enough knowledge to do the hiring but is placed in a position to do so. As such, they would deploy tricks and systems, or “filters” in order to find the people they need. Another interesting point brought up by this pattern is the action provided at the bottom. It states that we should note discrete skills that could be useful right away for the team that you want to join. I do believe this is a good strategy to be on top of knowing what skills you can bring to the table.

This pattern has not caused me to change the way I think about the intended profession because this also useful for other professions. The process of hiring people onto a team is always a risk in one way or another. Systems are brought into place because they want to avoid issues off the bat from a new hire, as such you have to demonstrate that you can do the job they expect of you.

From the blog CS@Worcester – Progression through Computer Science and Beyond… by Johnny To and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.