Hello and welcome back to another week of my blog! This week I want to talk about SOLID design principles since it is important for other programmers to read and understand your code so you can collaboratively work together on it. Having code that is not clean and hard to understand will ultimately hinder you in the long term. Having clean code also makes your code easier to write and understand as well. The term SOLID stands for multiple things: The Single Responsibility Principle, The Open-Closed Principle, The Liskov Substitution Principle, The Interface Segregation Principle, and The Dependency Inversion Principle. These principles were made by a Computer Scientist named Robert J. Martin who is also the author of Clean Code. I’m reading that book for CS-348. 

Starting with the Single Responsibility Principle, this principle states that a class should only have one responsibility. Furthermore, it should only have one reason to change. For example, there is a program that calculates the area of shapes. There would be classes that define the shapes themselves (ex. Class Square) and a class that calculates the area of the shapes (ex. Class ShapeArea). The ShapeArea class should only calculate the area of the shapes. 

The open closed principle means that classes should be open for extension and closed to modification. This means that programmers should be able to add new features to the code without touching the existing code because touching the existing code could create new bugs. 

The Liskov substitution Principle states that subclasses should be substitutable for their base classes. This means that if class B is a subclass of class A, we should be able to pass an object of class B to any method that expects an object of class A and the method should not give any weird output in that case. 

The interface segregation principle states that larger interfaces should be split into smaller ones. By doing that, we can ensure that implementing classes only need to be concerned about the methods that are of interest to them. 

The last one is the Dependency Inversion principle. The general idea of the principle is that high level and complex modules should be easily reusable and unaffected by changes in low level utility modules. To do this, there needs to be an abstraction between the high level and low level modules so they are separated and you can tell them apart. 

Those are all the SOLID principles. Thank you for reading this blog post!

https://www.bmc.com/blogs/solid-design-principles/#

From the blog Comfy Blog by Angus Cheng and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Hello and welcome back to another week of my blog! This week I want to talk about SOLID design principles since it is important for other programmers to read and understand your code so you can collaboratively work together on it. Having code that is not clean and hard to understand will ultimately hinder you in the long term. Having clean code also makes your code easier to write and understand as well. The term SOLID stands for multiple things: The Single Responsibility Principle, The Open-Closed Principle, The Liskov Substitution Principle, The Interface Segregation Principle, and The Dependency Inversion Principle. These principles were made by a Computer Scientist named Robert J. Martin who is also the author of Clean Code. I’m reading that book for CS-348. 

Starting with the Single Responsibility Principle, this principle states that a class should only have one responsibility. Furthermore, it should only have one reason to change. For example, there is a program that calculates the area of shapes. There would be classes that define the shapes themselves (ex. Class Square) and a class that calculates the area of the shapes (ex. Class ShapeArea). The ShapeArea class should only calculate the area of the shapes. 

The open closed principle means that classes should be open for extension and closed to modification. This means that programmers should be able to add new features to the code without touching the existing code because touching the existing code could create new bugs. 

The Liskov substitution Principle states that subclasses should be substitutable for their base classes. This means that if class B is a subclass of class A, we should be able to pass an object of class B to any method that expects an object of class A and the method should not give any weird output in that case. 

The interface segregation principle states that larger interfaces should be split into smaller ones. By doing that, we can ensure that implementing classes only need to be concerned about the methods that are of interest to them. 

The last one is the Dependency Inversion principle. The general idea of the principle is that high level and complex modules should be easily reusable and unaffected by changes in low level utility modules. To do this, there needs to be an abstraction between the high level and low level modules so they are separated and you can tell them apart. 

Those are all the SOLID principles. Thank you for reading this blog post!

https://www.bmc.com/blogs/solid-design-principles/#

From the blog Comfy Blog by Angus Cheng and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Hello and welcome back to another week of my blog! This week I want to talk about SOLID design principles since it is important for other programmers to read and understand your code so you can collaboratively work together on it. Having code that is not clean and hard to understand will ultimately hinder you in the long term. Having clean code also makes your code easier to write and understand as well. The term SOLID stands for multiple things: The Single Responsibility Principle, The Open-Closed Principle, The Liskov Substitution Principle, The Interface Segregation Principle, and The Dependency Inversion Principle. These principles were made by a Computer Scientist named Robert J. Martin who is also the author of Clean Code. I’m reading that book for CS-348. 

Starting with the Single Responsibility Principle, this principle states that a class should only have one responsibility. Furthermore, it should only have one reason to change. For example, there is a program that calculates the area of shapes. There would be classes that define the shapes themselves (ex. Class Square) and a class that calculates the area of the shapes (ex. Class ShapeArea). The ShapeArea class should only calculate the area of the shapes. 

The open closed principle means that classes should be open for extension and closed to modification. This means that programmers should be able to add new features to the code without touching the existing code because touching the existing code could create new bugs. 

The Liskov substitution Principle states that subclasses should be substitutable for their base classes. This means that if class B is a subclass of class A, we should be able to pass an object of class B to any method that expects an object of class A and the method should not give any weird output in that case. 

The interface segregation principle states that larger interfaces should be split into smaller ones. By doing that, we can ensure that implementing classes only need to be concerned about the methods that are of interest to them. 

The last one is the Dependency Inversion principle. The general idea of the principle is that high level and complex modules should be easily reusable and unaffected by changes in low level utility modules. To do this, there needs to be an abstraction between the high level and low level modules so they are separated and you can tell them apart. 

Those are all the SOLID principles. Thank you for reading this blog post!

https://www.bmc.com/blogs/solid-design-principles/#

From the blog Comfy Blog by Angus Cheng and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Hello and welcome back to another week of my blog! This week I want to talk about SOLID design principles since it is important for other programmers to read and understand your code so you can collaboratively work together on it. Having code that is not clean and hard to understand will ultimately hinder you in the long term. Having clean code also makes your code easier to write and understand as well. The term SOLID stands for multiple things: The Single Responsibility Principle, The Open-Closed Principle, The Liskov Substitution Principle, The Interface Segregation Principle, and The Dependency Inversion Principle. These principles were made by a Computer Scientist named Robert J. Martin who is also the author of Clean Code. I’m reading that book for CS-348. 

Starting with the Single Responsibility Principle, this principle states that a class should only have one responsibility. Furthermore, it should only have one reason to change. For example, there is a program that calculates the area of shapes. There would be classes that define the shapes themselves (ex. Class Square) and a class that calculates the area of the shapes (ex. Class ShapeArea). The ShapeArea class should only calculate the area of the shapes. 

The open closed principle means that classes should be open for extension and closed to modification. This means that programmers should be able to add new features to the code without touching the existing code because touching the existing code could create new bugs. 

The Liskov substitution Principle states that subclasses should be substitutable for their base classes. This means that if class B is a subclass of class A, we should be able to pass an object of class B to any method that expects an object of class A and the method should not give any weird output in that case. 

The interface segregation principle states that larger interfaces should be split into smaller ones. By doing that, we can ensure that implementing classes only need to be concerned about the methods that are of interest to them. 

The last one is the Dependency Inversion principle. The general idea of the principle is that high level and complex modules should be easily reusable and unaffected by changes in low level utility modules. To do this, there needs to be an abstraction between the high level and low level modules so they are separated and you can tell them apart. 

Those are all the SOLID principles. Thank you for reading this blog post!

https://www.bmc.com/blogs/solid-design-principles/#

From the blog Comfy Blog by Angus Cheng and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

For the past few weeks, I have been working on class activities relating to REST API Design. I wanted to research more about it before continuing to homework assignments utilizing it.

This led me to the website: https://www.mulesoft.com/resources/api/what-is-rest-api-design.

REST API is an application programming interface that uses the constraints of REST, or Representational State Transfer. REST API takes advantafge of HTTP which means that developers do not need to install additional software to utilize it. There are six main constraints of REST API design: client-server, stateless, cache, uniform interface, layered system, and Code on Demand.

Client-server constraint: the client and the server should be separate from each other and be able to change separately. This would allow changes to be made to a mobile application without impacting the server, and also for changes to be made to the database or server without affecting the mobile application.

Stateless constraint: REST APIs are stateless, meaning that each call can be made independently and have enough data to complete itself. REST APIs should only rely on the data that is given in the call itself. Servers do not store identifying information; instead the call has that information, be it an access token or user ID. This helps make the API more reliable because it does not need to rely on multiple calls to the server to create an object.

Cache constraint: REST API should encourage cacheable data to be stored.

Uniform interface constraint: the uniform interface should provide a standard way to communicate between the client and server. The uniform interface should also allow the evolution of the application without the application intertwined too much with the API layer.

Layered system constraint: having a layered system helps shield differently accessed components from one another. It allows for systems to be moved in and out of the architecture which can help as technology evolves. It can also help with security, as it can help with attacks at a proxy layer or other layers before it reaches actual server architecture.

Code on Demand constraint: this constraint is optional, but it allows for code or applet to be sent out through the API, meaning the server can add information to the code.

I chose this source because I wanted to read about how REST APIs are broken down, and how these constraints are helpful. This source helped me understand how the individual evolution of the servers and the clients are important, and I will consider this information for when I need to decide if REST API is the type of API I should utilize for a future project.

From the blog CS@Worcester – CS With Sarah by Sarah T and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Hello and welcome back to another week of my blog! This week I want to talk about SOLID design principles since it is important for other programmers to read and understand your code so you can collaboratively work together on it. Having code that is not clean and hard to understand will ultimately hinder you in the long term. Having clean code also makes your code easier to write and understand as well. The term SOLID stands for multiple things: The Single Responsibility Principle, The Open-Closed Principle, The Liskov Substitution Principle, The Interface Segregation Principle, and The Dependency Inversion Principle. These principles were made by a Computer Scientist named Robert J. Martin who is also the author of Clean Code. I’m reading that book for CS-348. 

Starting with the Single Responsibility Principle, this principle states that a class should only have one responsibility. Furthermore, it should only have one reason to change. For example, there is a program that calculates the area of shapes. There would be classes that define the shapes themselves (ex. Class Square) and a class that calculates the area of the shapes (ex. Class ShapeArea). The ShapeArea class should only calculate the area of the shapes. 

The open closed principle means that classes should be open for extension and closed to modification. This means that programmers should be able to add new features to the code without touching the existing code because touching the existing code could create new bugs. 

The Liskov substitution Principle states that subclasses should be substitutable for their base classes. This means that if class B is a subclass of class A, we should be able to pass an object of class B to any method that expects an object of class A and the method should not give any weird output in that case. 

The interface segregation principle states that larger interfaces should be split into smaller ones. By doing that, we can ensure that implementing classes only need to be concerned about the methods that are of interest to them. 

The last one is the Dependency Inversion principle. The general idea of the principle is that high level and complex modules should be easily reusable and unaffected by changes in low level utility modules. To do this, there needs to be an abstraction between the high level and low level modules so they are separated and you can tell them apart. 

Those are all the SOLID principles. Thank you for reading this blog post!

https://www.bmc.com/blogs/solid-design-principles/#

From the blog Comfy Blog by and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Over the course of the semester, we’ve discussed servers, databases, and monolithic and microservice architectures. We’ve discussed and are currently working on rest APIs which allow us to send and receive information to and from the Internet. While working with rest APIs and doing research on my own, there are elements that exist in what we’re doing that we have yet to discuss. These different elements are paraphrased from parts of the articles linked below.

“REST” stands for “Representational State Transfer”. It is a style of architecture that allows proper interaction with web services that are “RESTful”. In a microservice architecture design, there exist different elements in the software, e.g. one service could manage a consumer’s payment, whereas another service can handle a company’s product/service. In this separation of different systems, there exists a need to communicate these different services together. 

REST APIs function as the glue between different services. However, this requires further inquisition: why would we use different services? Wouldn’t the separate systems just use more memory by saving redundant information? This question brings us back to the “S” in “REST”, namely “state”. When sending information from or to another service, an object’s data is not saved in the service as the request, more specifically, the information in each request is “separate and unconnected”¹ This concept is called “statelessness”.²

Another aspect about microservices is serialization. Serialization is the act of transferring an object with variables and their respective mutators and accessors into a stream of bytes. This stream can be of binary data or a string. Information about an object that is passed through various services requires serialization, which can then be compared with other streams for object comparison, and eventually deserialization.³

We’ve previously discussed docker, characterizing it once as “lightweight”. These aforementioned aspects are the ingredients that can allow containerization and their containerizers such as Docker to be so lightweight.

I decided to talk about this subject because state / statelessness, serialization, and architecture design will be an important part of a future job. A lot of my research so far is applicable to what we’ve been doing, and I think the concepts and their implementations are, to me, novel, interesting, and important. This information is to my current understanding, and it has the risk of being incorrect, due to me still learning about them. However, I still decided to talk about these topics because understanding the anatomy of how everything comes together and operates is interesting, especially with what we’ve done in class.

Links:

1. https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/api/what-is-a-rest-api
2. https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/stateful-vs-stateless
3. https://dev.to/njnareshjoshi/what-is-serialization-everything-you-need-to-know-about-java-serialization-explained-with-example-9mj

From the blog CS@Worcester – Chris's CS Blog by Chris and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Hello, week-9. I want to post a blog to quickly review the API topic to learn more about REST calls. I got confused; I researched about it. It has the Understanding And Using REST APIs.

What is a REST API

API (Application Programming Interface) – A set of rules allows programs to support any other. The developer creates the API on the server and enables the client to speak to it. 

The REST (Representational State Transfer) determines how the API. It is a set of rules that developers follow when they create their API. One of the rules states that one should get data (called a resource) when linking to a specific URL. Each URL made a request, while the data sent back to is called a response.

The Anatomy Of A Request #

It’s important to know that a request with four points:

• The endpoint
• The method
• The headers
• The data (or body)
  

The endpoint – URL that requests for (root-endpoint/?). The root-endpoint is the starting point of the API that is ordering.

The path determines the resource request. For example, it is like an automatic answering machine. That asks to press 1 for service, press 2 for another service, 3 for yet another service, and so on.

The Method

The method is the type of request sent to the server:

• GET – Request to get a resource from a server. It will perform a `GET` request; the server looks for the requested data and sends it back.
• POST – Request to create a new resource on a server. It performs a `POST` request, the server creates a new entry in the database and tells whether the creation is successful.
• PUT & PATCH – Requests to update a resource on a server. If performing a `PUT` or `PATCH` request, the server updates an entry in the database and tells whether the update is successful.
• DELETE – Request to delete a resource from a server. If performing a `DELETE` request, the server deletes an entry in the database and tells whether the deletion is successful.

These methods provide meaning for the request made. Perform steps: Create, Read, Update and Delete (CRUD).

The HEAD: it used to provide information to both the client and server. It has many purposes, such as authentication and giving information about the body content. It can find a list of valid headers on MDN’s HTTP Headers Reference.

The Data – contains information sent to the server. It only used POST, PUT, PATCH, or DELETE requests.

From the blog Andrew Lam’s little blog by Andrew Lam and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Hello, week-9. I want to post a blog to quickly review the API topic to learn more about REST calls. I got confused; I researched about it. It has the Understanding And Using REST APIs.

What is a REST API

API (Application Programming Interface) – A set of rules allows programs to support any other. The developer creates the API on the server and enables the client to speak to it. 

The REST (Representational State Transfer) determines how the API. It is a set of rules that developers follow when they create their API. One of the rules states that one should get data (called a resource) when linking to a specific URL. Each URL made a request, while the data sent back to is called a response.

The Anatomy Of A Request #

It’s important to know that a request with four points:

• The endpoint
• The method
• The headers
• The data (or body)
  

The endpoint – URL that requests for (root-endpoint/?). The root-endpoint is the starting point of the API that is ordering.

The path determines the resource request. For example, it is like an automatic answering machine. That asks to press 1 for service, press 2 for another service, 3 for yet another service, and so on.

The Method

The method is the type of request sent to the server:

• GET – Request to get a resource from a server. It will perform a `GET` request; the server looks for the requested data and sends it back.
• POST – Request to create a new resource on a server. It performs a `POST` request, the server creates a new entry in the database and tells whether the creation is successful.
• PUT & PATCH – Requests to update a resource on a server. If performing a `PUT` or `PATCH` request, the server updates an entry in the database and tells whether the update is successful.
• DELETE – Request to delete a resource from a server. If performing a `DELETE` request, the server deletes an entry in the database and tells whether the deletion is successful.

These methods provide meaning for the request made. Perform steps: Create, Read, Update and Delete (CRUD).

The HEAD: it used to provide information to both the client and server. It has many purposes, such as authentication and giving information about the body content. It can find a list of valid headers on MDN’s HTTP Headers Reference.

The Data – contains information sent to the server. It only used POST, PUT, PATCH, or DELETE requests.

From the blog Andrew Lam’s little blog by Andrew Lam and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Hello, week-9. I want to post a blog to quickly review the API topic to learn more about REST calls. I got confused; I researched about it. It has the Understanding And Using REST APIs.

What is a REST API

API (Application Programming Interface) – A set of rules allows programs to support any other. The developer creates the API on the server and enables the client to speak to it. 

The REST (Representational State Transfer) determines how the API. It is a set of rules that developers follow when they create their API. One of the rules states that one should get data (called a resource) when linking to a specific URL. Each URL made a request, while the data sent back to is called a response.

The Anatomy Of A Request #

It’s important to know that a request with four points:

• The endpoint
• The method
• The headers
• The data (or body)
  

The endpoint – URL that requests for (root-endpoint/?). The root-endpoint is the starting point of the API that is ordering.

The path determines the resource request. For example, it is like an automatic answering machine. That asks to press 1 for service, press 2 for another service, 3 for yet another service, and so on.

The Method

The method is the type of request sent to the server:

• GET – Request to get a resource from a server. It will perform a `GET` request; the server looks for the requested data and sends it back.
• POST – Request to create a new resource on a server. It performs a `POST` request, the server creates a new entry in the database and tells whether the creation is successful.
• PUT & PATCH – Requests to update a resource on a server. If performing a `PUT` or `PATCH` request, the server updates an entry in the database and tells whether the update is successful.
• DELETE – Request to delete a resource from a server. If performing a `DELETE` request, the server deletes an entry in the database and tells whether the deletion is successful.

These methods provide meaning for the request made. Perform steps: Create, Read, Update and Delete (CRUD).

The HEAD: it used to provide information to both the client and server. It has many purposes, such as authentication and giving information about the body content. It can find a list of valid headers on MDN’s HTTP Headers Reference.

The Data – contains information sent to the server. It only used POST, PUT, PATCH, or DELETE requests.

From the blog Andrew Lam’s little blog by Andrew Lam and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.