CS 101/Additional Materials/Chapter 3

''Resources are grouped by sections of the chapter. When adding a new resource, please try to add it to the appropriate section.''

Section 3.1 Data and Computers
http://csfieldguide.org.nz/DataRepresentation.html This website really helped explain data representation in chapter 3. The site has a lot of examples, practice problems and images that help explain what they are describing. Some topics are binary numbers, representing images with bits, color codes, representation of text and a lot more. Website last updated Feb. 05, 2015. -Kristina Mironidis added September 21, 2015

Analog and Digital Data
This was obtained from Google search "digital vs analog tv".

http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic86897.files/September_20/PBS_digital_TV.pdf

This gives a fairly complete tutorial on Digital vs Analog TV and how the two methods are implemented. It's in .pdf so you can take it home and read while watching your TV!

J. Young, Added 2/4/16

Binary Representations
https://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/java/DataRepresentation.html The website shown above helped me out with understanding how to change numbers into a binary number. This website did this by breaking each step down with examples.

Section 3.2 Representing Numeric Data
https://youtu.be/Gi6zLHTk1P4 Professor Wurst's video on Binary Numbers - Unsigned, Sign-Magnitude, Two's Complement

Signed Magnitude Representation
Math is not always the easiest especially when negative numbers come into play. Learning how to add and subtract positive and negative numbers will help make your math journey even easier. It is sometimes best to start from the beginning if you do not understand something to make it easier. https://learnzillion.com/lesson_plans/5250-adding-positive-and-negative-integers-on-a-number-line (2016) Added 02/03/2016 -Danielle Gary

http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/binary/signed-binary-numbers.html This website is really helpful because not only does it explain the concepts in depth, but it also has a lot of examples and a chart that makes it a lot easier to see how everything relates to each other. Added: 05 FEB 2016 by Kylie Sauter

Two's Complement
Two's Complement Binary Numbers http://www.asdlib.org/onlineArticles/elabware/Scheeline_ADC/ADC_NumRep_2Comp.html I found this site very helpful it explains how Integers does not only have magnitude but also have a sign and how to deal with that in binary. 09/26/15 Bright Danso

Two's Complement http://www.cs.uwm.edu/~cs151/Bacon/Lecture/HTML/ch03s09.html The hardest part of this chapter for me was converting integers to two's complement. This website helped show me the step by step conversion. 10-16-15 Rebecca Sherr

Two's Compliment Binary Numbers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lc7_UI2emqU This link was visited on February 1st, 2016. It was last updated on June 7th, 2011. This video explains, step by step, how to go about two's complement and binary numbers. It was very helpful for me because I didn't really understand how to do it nor could I find a good enough video in which I understood what was going on. In this video, I was able to follow along and understand the methodology. Urooj Haider

Two's Complement: An Introduction - Part 1: https://youtu.be/9W67I2zzAfo / Part 2: https://youtu.be/Hof95YlLQk0   Links added: February 2, 2016. It was last updated on: May 28, 2009. These two videos (1 & 2) helped to straightforwardly show the two’s complement process. The person teaching is easy to understand and he explains everything you need to know without making it complicated. - Samantha Stuart

Two's Complement

https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~tomf/notes/cps104/twoscomp.html This website was last updated April 2000. I posted it 2/4/16.

The 2's complement conversions was one of the things I struggled with the most in this chapter. This website explains the conversion process step-by-step, in a very straight forward, and easy to understand manner.

- Andrew Lund

http://academic.evergreen.edu/projects/biophysics/technotes/program/2s_comp.htm Two's complement was the most difficult aspect of the chapter. This website has a conversion rate table and the process of how to add, and subtract two's complement. - Mike Huynh

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9W67I2zzAfo Added link 2/1/2016 Resource Uploaded to youtube on May 27, 2009 This video is a brief introduction to Two's Complements negative numbers. I had a hard time grasping the concept in the book however his drawing on the board helped clear up some of my questions. It is simply just flipping numbers over and over. -Rebecca Peacott

Number Overflow
https://youtu.be/LwgEeeThKbQ Professor Wurst's video explains what an overflow is when you're dealing with 2's compliments and also it is demonstrated in the video when you know there is an overflow when adding binary numbers. As a rule it's important to know the range of numbers that are in 2's compliment. Essentially, anything outside that range will result in overflow when adding two numbers together. 2/4/2016 Christopher Phethean

[[Media:Two'sComplementNotation.pdf|Description of Two's Complement Numbers and Overflow]]

https://youtu.be/bf0RBbtBTPI Date added 9/21/2015; Date Created 5/17/2014 https://youtu.be/vl1LYH26RCM Date added 9/21/2015; Date Created 5/17/2014 https://youtu.be/-QuI Date added 9/21/2015; Date Created 5/17/2014 This is a three part video which covers 2's complement, adding them as well as how to handle the overflow. It clicked for me after watching these videos mostly because I felt it made the terminology real and answered some of the more confusing parts for me. Overflow in two's complements was given in a simple and straightforward approach.

Representing Real Numbers
http://ccm.net/contents/62-representation-of-real-numbers-and-integers I found this website extremely helpful because of the easy language and charts it uses. The page is also very useful because of its bullets for information, giving the reader all the important information quickly. It is the perfect site for refreshing or for more in depth explanations. 09/22/15 Zachary Brogna

The ASCII Character Set
This video helped me understand the concept of ASCII codes. It was uploaded by schoolofcode on Jul 13, 2014. Sworup Ojha 2/10/16

The Unicode Character Set
http://www.w3schools.com/charsets/ref_html_utf8.asp This link clearly displays all the differences between unicode and other character codes. It isn't listed when this article was last updated, but the information should be unchanging and ever relevant. Mike Wilbur 2/7/16.

Run-Length Encoding
Run Length Encoding http://www.prepressure.com/library/compression-algorithm/rle 04FEB2016, Last updated 24NOV2015 This page gives a short overview on RLE with another example. It helped me understand the topic. -Scott Shea

Huffman Encoding
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apcCVfXfcqE This video is entitled "Huffman Coding" and it was uploaded March 30, 2014. The video made it clear on how to use huffman encoding. It summarizes the topic and showed examples on how to understand it step by step. - Justin Cabacungan (Date edited: February 6, 2016)

Huffman Encoding Trees  2/6/2016 https://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/full-text/sicp/book/node41.html 4/17/2000 This site is a cool look at the implementation of some algorithms used to execute huffman encoding in lisp dialect and how exactly they perform data compression Sean Thomson

The MP3 Audio Format
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/mp31.htm (Site last edited April 1, 2000) This is the How Stuff Works explanation of how the mp3 sound compression format works. The mp3 format played a huge role in the complete upheaval of the music industry in the 90s and 2000s, p2p file sharing and illegal music piracy (Napster, Kazaa, etc.) the iPod, the iTunes Music Store, and Spotify, among others have totally changed the way the world makes, buys, and listens to music. Link added by Zachary Halzel on 3 February, 2016

Section 3.5 Representing Images and Graphics
http://www.drububu.com/tutorial/image_types.html Images and Color. This page helped me immensely with solving one of the quiz problems regarding pixels. It was also very in depth on the types of images and colors used and was overall an excellent help for this particular section. This page was last edited on July 20th, 2015. Zackery Squires, February 26th, 2016

https://youtu.be/15aqFQQVBWU By Code.org Published March 11, 2015 In this video a co-founder of Instagram explains visual representation of images in Binary format. The narrators explain RGB values, pixels, and resolution. The video is easy to watch and follow along and is a nice supplement to the explanations in the chapter 3. Meaghan Connelly

Video Codecs
Temporal Compression https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZUmVwd1Amk 21 July 2011. 22 Sep. 2015 Although the book explains compression as differences between frames, this video allowed me to see it first hand and understand it a lot more concisely. When actually seeing how the frames merge together by compare the amount of pixels that are the same helped so much. Seeing it first hand will allow you to understand the lag time as, well and why it is important. Zachary Nader