Compiled vs Interpreted

I am writing in response to the blog post at https://www.guru99.com/difference-compiler-vs-interpreter.html titled “Compiler vs Interpreter: Complete Difference Between Compiler and Interpreter”. A compiled language is a language that requires a compiler to convert it into another language or format, like bytecode or native machine code. An interpreter translates the program to machine code as the program is running.

The blog post describes a compiler as a program that translates code into executable machine code before it is run, and an interpreter as a program that translates each statement into machine code when it is run. I think that this description is somewhat of an over-simplification. For C, compiling a C program means translating it into an executable program, which is comprised of machine code that is native to the platform it was compiled for. Compilation in general does not always refer to this particular process, though. A compiler may exist to compile one language into a different language, or even into the same language. The key is that the resulting compiled program is semantically equivalent to the original source code. If an interpreter existed for both programs then the result of interpreting the original program should be the same as the result of interpreting the compiled program.

Another detail that was not addressed by the blog post is the concept of “just in time” compilation. C programs are compiled “ahead of time”, where the code is compiled into another program before it is run. Instead of doing this, just in time compiling occurs in run time and compiles blocks of code as the program is running. This allows for a different perspective for an optimizing compiler to make the program run faster in instances that would not be possible for an ahead of time optimizing compiler that does not run in run time. Java is one such language that uses just in time compiling. The blog post does mention one detail about Java, and that is that it is both compiled and interpreted. Java is compiled into bytecode, which is portable because it is not specific to one platform’s native architecture, and then that gets interpreted into native machine code by the JVM when it is run.

From the blog CS@Worcester – klapointe blog by klapointe2 and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Full Stack Developer

I am writing in response to the blog post at https://www.guru99.com/full-stack-developer.html titled “What is Full Stack Developer? Skills to become a Web Developer”. A full stack developer is somebody who is able to work in both front end and back end development. We have worked with back end development in CS 343 with our work in REST APIs, and we have also worked with front end development using Angular JS and TypeScript. Full stack development involves writing both ends.

The blog post describes a full-stack web developer as somebody who can work on both the front end and the back end of an application. It provides a tiered model of application layers that the developer should be familiar with: the presentation layer, business logic layer and database layer. We have briefly discussed the concept of a layered application model in class before. The presentation layer is the front end that handles the user interface, and the business logic layer and database layer correspond to the back end.

Some average income statistics are provided in the blog post, which shows that a “back end developer” earns more on average than a “full stack developer”, which seems counter-intuitive because a full stack developer, in theory, is capable of accomplishing the same tasks as a back end developer and more.

A clarification is made about the expected duties of a full stack developer; a supposed myth is that a full stack developer is going to be writing all of the code by themselves, writing both the front end and back end for a single large application because both jobs are within their skill set. In actuality, it is not the job of a full stack developer to produce everything alone. The blog post describes a full stack developer as a sort of a bridge between front end developers and back end developers who are working on the same project, because the full stack developer has a good perspective of both ends and how they interact with each other. In this sense, it is clear that a full stack developer in a development team is particularly beneficial for communication.

From the blog cs-wsu – klapointe blog by klapointe2 and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Integration Testing

In this week’s blog, I will be talking about Integration Testing from Software Testing Fundamentals.

The International Software Testing Qualifications Board definition:  Integration Testing is a test performed to expose defects in the interfaces and in the interactions between integrated components or systems.

Integration testing is a level of testing where units are tested as a group making sure they all work when put together. It is performed after Unit Testing and before System Testing. Developer themselves or independent testers are responsible for performing Integration Testing. There are different kind of approaches to Integration Testing:

  • Big Bang is an approach where all or most of the units are combined together to be tested in one go when the testing team receives the entire software bundle. Kind of like System Testing but it only tests the interactions between units and not the entire system.
  • Top Down is an approach where top-level units are tested first before the lower level ones.  This approach is taken when the development of the software was also from top to bottom.
  • Bottom Up it is basically like Top Down instead you go from the bottom to the top.
  • Sandwich/Hybrid is a combination of Top Down and Bottom Up.

I picked to read this blog because it offers useful analogies to make it easier to understand. There was also a gif at the bottom of the blog where it shows what happens when you do not do an Integration Testing. There were also tips on how to do Integration Testing properly. One of them was to “ensure that you have a proper Detail Design document where interactions between each unit are clearly defined. In fact, you will not be able to perform Integration Testing without this information.” I think that was pretty much the main point of that you have to take from Integration Testing. That you need to know how the system works or the design of it, else Integration Testing would not make any sense to do. Another take on from this blog is to make sure that every unit is unit tested before you start Integration Testing.

Lack of Integration Gif:

https://giphy.com/embed/3o7rbPDRHIHwbmcOByvia GIPHY

 

From the blog cs-wsu – Computer Science by csrenz and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Quality Assurance at Apple

For this week’s blog for quality assurance and testing, I decided to read an article from Wired Magazine that focused less on the testing process itself and more of how a company can benefit from it. The article I chose is a little less than a year old about Apple’s securities and vulnerabilities. The article confirms some of what I had hoped — that Apple still has a strong reputation for security. However, some vulnerabilities have damaged how the company is perceived by many. 
In High Sierra, all that you had to do to gain root access was type the word “root.” They fixed it impressively quickly. However, the article wonders if the security flaws like this are emblematic of deeper problems. There have been many more bugs and vulnerabilities found, such as wonky autocorrect on the iPhone. Although not every bug (like the autocorrect) is not always a security issue, it is incredibly irritating. 
One advantage that Apple has over its competitors is that most of its customers update as soon as there is an update. The advantage of this is that people will not be vulnerable using a software without the security fixes in the update. However, Apple might lose this edge if people are wary of updating if it seems like there are always too many bugs in every update.
One of the big problems these days is that it seems that everything seems rushed out. There is a big focus on new features, and not as much focus on fixing the bugs on the features that already exist. The article talked about a 2009 release of “Snow Leopard” which built on the previous release “Leopard.” It heavily focused on getting bugs fixed.
Another issue about perceptions is that even if the mistakes are fixed quite promptly, they are still remembered, with what is described as a pile-on effect. That is, a fixed security flaw won’t be “erased” from a customer’s mind.
The takeaway from all of this is how important quality assurance is to any product. It perhaps is more important than new features. If the old and new features are continuously full of bugs, it is hard for a customer to trust that company anymore. It is better to have solid core software than one with a million extra bells and whistles if it means there’s just as many bugs. Unfortunately, the article concluded that it seems like Apple is leaning towards the latter.

https://www.wired.com/story/apples-security-macos-high-sierra-ios-11/

From the blog Sam Bryan by and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis

Hello everyone, and welcome back to my 443 blogs where I post many interesting topics that I am currently learning. Today blog post topic is about boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning. Boundary value analysis is a testing technique where you test between valid and invalid inputs. Boundary values are also known as lower/upper values and errors are often observed in those ends. It’s considered a black box testing technique. Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis can co-exist and used together to test many more areas of the test. Boundary value analysis test is proficient because it can test most of the test product. Equivalence partitioning is when we categorize the values into ranges and test one input from each of category. This is also a black box test design technique and can be applied to several different test like unit, integration, etc. Equivalence partitioning would have numerous amounts of test cases that we cannot test all. All in all, this blog post is about Boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning. The resources that I gather my information was from https://reqtest.com/testing-blog/what-is-boundary-value-analysis-and-equivalence-partitioning/. I thought this blog was good but didn’t provide much information about this topic other than basic. The examples that this blog provide wasn’t descriptive enough for me to truly grasp on the idea of equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis. After reading this blog, it didn’t change the way I think about the subject because I already knew most of the content, but I was looking for more details. I thought the blog should of include more visual examples with actual test inputs. I learn some useful tips on this subject like for example that we can’t test all possible cases in equivalence partitioning because the test cases would be too large. Also, even though this resource was simple it’s was easy to understand the material and the example wasn’t complex, so it was easy to follow. I agree with everything in the article and like the way it explains the topic. In conclusion, this was my 443-blog post and I learned many interesting things from this recourse that I used.

From the blog CS@Worcester – Phan's CS by phancs and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Time Isn’t Something I Can Afford To Waste!

Good day, my dear reader! As I continue my education in Software Quality Assurance, I continue to read blogs and keep finding myself reading a blog about how to do one particular topic, or how to test in one specific method. Now those reads were all good and useful but one particular article caught my attention, “5 Reasons you are wasting your testing time“. Now I will admit, I did succumb to the very obviously clickbait title but, this was one title I am glad that I followed. In class, there is a lot to learn but some things are best learned on the job or get glanced over or forgotten in the classroom. This particular blog was about 5 ways to review your testing time and see where you are wasting yours.

The first way is not setting a clear goal. Establish a goal for the testing session and ensure that by the end of your testing session, the goal has been met. The second way is that you might not understand the value of the tested feature to the end user. This is saying that, while we are tasked to test a feature we should keep in mind if this feature actually is useful or helpful to the end user. The third way is that one doesn’t keep track of what was tested and your finding. This boils down to that you need to be able to adapt your tests as you are testing. Fourth is not consulting existing information to get testing insights. The last reason is refusing to do post-test reviews or feedback sessions.

The first thing that popped out to me is the consideration for the end user. This is definitely something that is not talked about in class. It’s something I keep running across and I hope I can keep it in mind as I head out into the job market. The end goal is to create a usable, program that an end user will actually use or purchase. The next thing that jumped out at me is that some testers, “…who say they consciously prefer not to see the previous test-runs or the bugs found in an area of the system in order to avoid any bias towards those areas during their current testing session.” I found this kind of silly that some people see testing a program like a clinical double-blind study. When I hear testing, I think of video game testers effectively ramming their heads against a particular part of a game until it breaks or they do. While I doubt I will ever have this mindset, it’s always good to know what to avoid. The last thing that caught me was that testing, “While at the same time it is an art, as you need to (almost instinctively) know how to adapt and change your testing based on actual stuff you find along the way.” This caught me off guard admittedly. Testing does seem dynamic to me but not in that sense of having to change the nature of a test mid-session. This is something that I will have to remember and try to put into practice out in the field.

Thus ends another blog and another week of discovery and learning. I can only wonder what I will learn next week and I am definitely excited to find out. Until then, have a good night folks!

From the blog CS@Worcester – Computer Science Discovery at WSU by mesitecsblog and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Becoming a better developer with TypeScript

Having done very little work in JavaScript, our recent use of TypeScript in class has had me wondering what benefits the language brings over plain old JavaScript. In addition to the numerous concrete benefits of the language that one could look up, Llorenç Muntaner, front end engineer at Onedot, gives a different reason for using TypeScript. Muntaner’s praise for TypeScript as a language stems from his opinion that it has made him a better developer.

Types make he developer think carefully about the code.

Muntaner makes the point that adding the parameter and return types for a function makes it easier to understand, and static typing in general makes it clearer what models you are working on. This is how static typing helps a developer think about and gain a clearer understanding of their work: code becomes more easily readable, and the developer can more quickly understand and make changes to existing code.

I think that these benefits easily outweigh the “burden” of having to write the types. As someone who mostly uses Python for person projects, advocating for a language that specifically adds static typing to JavaScript may sound hypocritical but what I like about both languages is their focus on readability for developers. However both languages accomplish this goal in different ways.

One of Python’s most frequently touted features is its easy readability do to its use of plain English keywords and its lack of curly braces. This makes the language easier to read while allowing developers to focus more on what their code should be doing. TypeScript offers a different kind of readability, in almost the exact opposite way. Since TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript and generally uses its syntax, the more complete and robust syntax feels almost like its missing something without static typing. Instead of the feeling of a clean readable syntax that Python brings, JavaScript’s dynamic typing feels more like an ambiguity. TypeScript removes that feeling of ambiguity with its static typing, leaving developers to know at a glance what they’re working with.

From the blog CS@Worcester – Adventures in Computer Science by zachstevens2808 and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Developer Ego Begone!

Source: https://blog.lelonek.me/how-should-we-do-code-reviews-ced54cede375

This week’s reading is a blog about conducting code reviews properly by Kamil Lelonek. It gives a general overview of code review as a process of giving feedback about another person’s code. By utilizing this process of rejecting and approving certain changes to the codebase, it will generate improvements as a whole. However, it goes much further beyond code review as it is not as simple as it seems. Even though benefits such as catching bugs early and ensuring that the code is legible and maintainable moving forward. The post makes it important to realize that developers are very protective about the code that they write and will attempt to defend against criticism. So, it provides different approaches to mitigating problems that could rise while undergoing code review. The benefits of these approaches should be able to correctly reach out without appearing as a threat. Some of these techniques would be to distinguish opinions from facts, avoiding sarcasm, and being honest with yourself. Also, by understanding the ten tips provided, it should make code reviews more effective for everyone involved.

What I found interesting about the article is how straight forward it is towards addressing one’s ego. They are right when they say that developers would like to say that they have wrote good code but sometimes they need to leave the ego behind them. By not opening themselves to criticism and addressing it as threats is detrimental to the team as a whole. Also, when actively code reviewing, I can see that providing evidence for nitpicking at certain lines of code should make it easier for the reviewee to understand what you are addressing specifically. However, I believe that avoiding jokes and sarcasm should be remembered as top priority. Especially when you are reviewing code for a friend. Recalling from personal experience, I do believe I did not help my peer to the best of my abilities by using sarcasm during code review. This also applies to distinguishing opinions from facts where sometimes through practice, you are led to believe that one technique is better than another. In conclusion, these tips are great for improving code review sessions.

From the blog CS@Worcester – Progression through Computer Science and Beyond… by Johnny To and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Simplicity

This week I read a post of Joel Spolsky, the CEO of Stack Overflow. This post talks about the term “simplicity” when we refer it to a software product. There have been an old ‘80/20’ rule meaning that 80% of the people use 20% of the features. So, you convince yourself that you only need to implement 20% of the features, and you can still sell 80% as many copies. Unfortunately, it’s never the same 20%. Everybody uses a different set of features. In a period in the past, dozens of companies tried to release ‘lite’ word processors that only implement 20% of the features. Most of the time, they gave their program to a journalist to review, and the journalist reviewed it by writing their review using the new word processor, and then the journalist tried to find the ‘word count’ feature which they needed because most journalists have precise word count requirements, and it was not there, because nobody in the target 80% would use this feature. The journalist ended up writing a story that attempted to claim simultaneously that lite programs were good, bloat was bad, and he could not use this program because it would not count his words.

Making simple with 20% feature products is an excellent bootstrapping strategy because you can create them with limited resources and build an audience. So, you sell “simple” as a wonderful thing and coincidentally, it’s the only thing you have the resources to produce. Bootstrapping strategy has advantages in certain situations, however, it would not be good for long term strategy because there’s very few obstacles to prevent the next two-person startup from cloning your simple app, and because eventually you can’t fight human nature of wanting the features.

Success is a result of a combination of things: building an audience, evangelism, clean and spare design, emotional appeal, aesthetics, fast response time, direct and instant user feedback, program models which correspond to the user model resulting in high usability, and putting the user in control. All of these features share a common character of having benefits that customers like and pay for, but none of them can really be described as “simplicity.” With many years of experience running his own software company, Joe Spolsky saw that nothing he have ever done at Fog Creek has increased the revenue more than releasing a new version with more features. When a new version came out with new features, there was a sudden, undeniable, substantial, and permanent increase in revenue.

It is fine to use the term “simplicity” to refer to a product as meaning that the user model corresponds closely to the program model, so the product is easy to use. More, it is fine to use the term “simplicity” to refer to a product with a spare, clean visual appearance. However, if you think simplicity means “not very many features” or “does one thing and does it well,” you can’t go far with a product that deliberately leaves features out.

 

Article: https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2006/12/09/simplicity/

 

From the blog CS@Worcester – ThanhTruong by ttruong9 and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Simplify REST API development for modern Single-page apps with SQL Server

This blog from Microsoft Developer is related to what we are doing in class, specially to the final project. “Simplify REST API development for modern Single-page apps with SQL Server” by Jovan Popovic, talk about Single page app architecture, persisting JSON models in database.

First is single page app architecture – end-to-end, similarly to what we are doing in class, there are 3-tier pattern architecture in single-page applications.

Capture

Client-side is from users view, from web apps or mobile apps, this using frameworks or library such as Angular, JQuery, ect. This side executed and communicate with some middle application via REST API, then provides or accept data as JSON. JSON requests obtained from client-side and create some SQL queries to get or store data to the database.

If the client wants to get the data from the database, developer would need to add a few sub-layers in the applications layer. Developer would have some data access component to execute the query and fetch data, then some kind of “view model” to view the results of the query. The objects would take that information in JSON format to display to the client.

Second part is Persisting JSON models in database, as we know many modern web applications is running on the client side. We can use frameworks that enable developers to maintain state of the application on the client side. When the application saves the state being sent to the app layer via REST service.

To save the state provided by client-app, developer need to analyze JSON text from the client, use some data transfer objects and save data transfer objects into the database.

This blog cover mainly back-end of REST API. To show Built-in JSON functions in SQL and SQL Database, enable you to simplify your application layer code and work with database using the format that is already used on your client-side apps. I thought this blog somewhat useful since we learned about Angular, Node.Js and SQL in database class. I want to learn how all that fit in with each other. Web design really good and useful skill to have, specially this is how we view the internet though our eyes.

From the blog CS@Worcester – Nhat's Blog by Nhat Truong Le and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.