Category Archives: CS-348

Beginners guide to Software Licensing

by Petraq Mele

Hello to all reading this blog today, the topic this time is software licensing and its importance in the development of software. I began researching about it as I had very limited knowledge about it and its importance. I ended up reading a blog written by an experienced developer named Rahul Awati titled “What is a software license?”, and I ended up learning quite a lot about the importance of this topic.

Various icons representing software licensing concepts and principles.

So what exactly is Software Licensing?

Practically speaking software licensing is a document that provides legally binding guidelines for the use and distribution of software. You can think of all software licenses as essentially a contract between the developer(s) and its user(s). It outlines the rights between these two parties for a piece of software along with the terms and conditions. All software comes with a license/product key which is important for identity & verification.

Its fairly simple to license software. Legally you already have, as the author of your software, a natural right recognized by copyright laws. If you want to add anything else to a license many developers but it in a text file within their software packages. Some sources like choosealicense.com or www.gnu.org are useful for finding templates or examples.

Some things that you may find included in a license are:
– Basic information(Names, Contacts, Address)
– Charges
– Duration
– Distribution rules
– Terms of service/cancellation
– Governing law
– Maintenance
– Etc.

Types of software licenses:

A visual representation of the 5 approaches to software licensing, ranging from public domain to proprietary licenses.

A few software licenses include:
– Free and open source(FOSS): Allow anyone to use software, and even to study, change or copy its source code.
– Proprietary: Often referred to as “closed source”, this software has strict rules towards obtainability & alterations.
– Public domain: Like open source but should be cautiously used by businesses as it might not meet their expectations.
– Lesser general public: Developers can link to open source libraries within their software and use any licensing type for the code.
– Permissive: Allows users to modify & distribute a piece of open source software but with some requirements for them as well as preservation of license notices, copyrights, or trademarks.
– Copyleft: Open source as long as they make the modifications freely available. New products containing old code with a copyleft license must comply with the restrictions laid out in the old code’s license.

Why do we need licenses?

Licenses are important because of all the reasons we have outlined earlier. It helps protect both the developer & the user.

A few beneficial protections for developers include: Protection of intellectual property, ensuring control over their creation, limiting liability, & monetization of products.

As for the users, the benefits are: Prevents misuse/unintentional mistakes causing damage, protect from infringement claims/ liability, create positive relationship with other developers/users/vendors, & establish clear parameters of how many licenses an organization needs.

Based on these few protections you can see the importance of licensing. It keeps a professional structure towards the spread of software and encourages a just environment.

Final thoughts

Understanding software licensing is something each software developer should take the time to learn whether for their own personal gains, or as a way to safely use/produce software. Aside from the legal aspect of it, licensing is about respecting a developer and their work. As I mentioned earlier I want to give credit to Rahuls’ amazing blog as inspiration for mine. Be sure to read his blog if you want more insight on this topic.

From the blog Petraq Mele blog posts by Petraq Mele and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Blog Post for Quarter 1

October 5th, 2025

Recently, I’ve been working on using Git. This came in the form of using a little bit of GitHub, a little bit of GitLab, and the textbook made to help instruct me on how to use them. I began to learn the basics of repositories, and how to make edits and pull requests.

For example, I am now able to create a fork from a repository, create a remote origin, a clone of that onto my local device, make edits using Visual Studio Code, stage those edits, commit those edits, push those edits back to my remote origin, then establish a pull request. And a little bit more. So far, this Quarter of my class has been pretty interesting. I will note how the public changes and such are very interesting to me. I don’t usually like being in public places often because I assume I should be competent before doing anything in public, but oh well.

For the blog post I selected, I wanted to know just a smidge more about Git, since I was learning about it. (This will be linked below at the bottom of this post.) It mostly discusses the future plans for Git and potential for AI.

Honestly, there isn’t much for me to really do from this. I just note how AI appears to be Git stuff I currently use, so that’s mildly interesting. Though, I found it interesting that Git, much like I, is currently developing. It’s fun to think about how I learn and improve as a person that other things in the world are doing the same. While they are wildly different contexts, I find it cool. Everything is always changing and such. Even as I learn, I make notes that aren’t in the textbook to myself. Git will probably always get things added by various different people as well.

It encourages and intimidates me in some way. It’s very cool that by the time I “get caught up” it’ll be better than what I’m currently using, but at the same time, what if everything I learned becomes redundant? Though, for me, I was always a person to enjoy experiences, and I never really liked the idea of a limit. If anything, it is just more “fun” for me. There’s more to learn and I’ll never be caught up. My experiences will lead to my growth, so when the time comes, I’ll be much more suited to using the new tools that arrive.

https://github.blog/open-source/whats-next-for-git-20-years-in-the-community-is-still-pushing-forward/

From the blog CS@Worcester – Ryan's Blog Maybe. by Ryan N and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Reflection on “Coding Standards and Guidelines”

by: Queenstar Kyere Gyamfi

The GeeksforGeeks article “Coding Standards and Guidelines” highlights the importance of writing code that is clean and consistent. It also underlines the need for code that is easy to understand. It explains that coding standards are a set of rules and conventions that help developers maintain clarity and quality across a project. These standards cover areas such as naming conventions, indentation, code structure, comments, and documentation. The article emphasizes that following standards is not about limiting creativity. It is about making sure that everyone working on a project can easily read and maintain the code. It also points out that coding guidelines help prevent errors. They make debugging easier. They ensure that software projects remain manageable as they grow.

I chose this resource because I’ve noticed how quickly group projects can become messy. Each person having a different coding style contributes to this messiness. I’ve always cared about writing code that works. I’ve started realizing that how the code looks and reads is just as important. This is especially true in team environments. This article stood out to me because it clearly explained the purpose behind coding standards.

One key lesson I learned from this article is that consistency builds trust among developers. When everyone follows the same structure, it becomes easier to understand, review, and modify code written by others. The article also reinforced the idea that good code should be self-explanatory. For example, meaningful variable names like totalPrice or userCount communicate intent better than short, unclear ones like x or val. I also learned how proper indentation and spacing make code more readable and reduce the risk of logic errors that come from misaligned statements or missing braces.

Reading this resource made me reflect on my own coding habits. Sometimes, when I’m rushing to finish an assignment, I skip comments or mix naming styles without thinking about how confusing it might be later. Now, I see that writing clean code is an investment as it saves time when debugging and helps others understand what I meant. I also want to use tools like linters and formatters to automatically enforce standards in my projects.

Overall, this article helped me understand that coding standards are not about perfection but they are about communication. Clean, organized code reflects professionalism and respect for the next person who will read it. It reminded me that in software process management, technical skills and teamwork go hand in hand. Writing code that others can easily follow is one of the best ways to contribute to a project’s long-term success.

LINK TO RESOURCE:

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/software-engineering/coding-standards-and-guidelines/

From the blog CS@Worcester – Circuit Star | Tech & Business Insights by Queenstar Kyere Gyamfi and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

What the “Grug Brained Developer” Teaches Us About Software Process Managment

Link: The Grug Brained Developer

For my self-directed professional development blog, I chose to read The Grug Brained Developer by Carson Gross, who founded the Hypermedia Research Group at Montana State. On the website, a free, digital version of his book, Gross manages to distill complex software wisdom into simple, almost primitive advice. Written like a caveman developer, it explores core ideas and fundamentals of coding and communication in a way that’s both funny and accurate.

The article’s central theme is simplicity. Grug constantly emphasizes avoiding unnecessary complexity in both design and process. He warns against over-engineering, over-abstracting, and blindly following trends—ideas that directly connect to what we’ve discussed in CS-348 about software process management principles like iterative improvement, communication, and agile adaptability. In short, Grug argues that most of software development isn’t about doing more, but about doing less and doing it better.

I selected this resource because it presents timeless software management lessons through a format that’s approachable and memorable. Rather than reading another dry technical essay on process maturity or workflow optimization, this post made me think deeply about how simplicity affects process management. In a course where we analyze methodologies like Scrum and Kanban, it’s easy to lose sight of the human side of software development—how teams actually think, communicate, and make decisions. The Grug Brain post brings that perspective back.

What stood out to me most was the section where Grug says, “If no can understand code, no one can fix. Then bug live forever.” This humorous line perfectly encapsulates why clear process and communication are essential to good software engineering. It aligns with our course’s emphasis on maintainability and collaboration. A well-defined process isn’t just bureaucracy—it’s what ensures that projects remain sustainable when team members change or systems evolve.

I also learned how simplicity ties into continuous improvement. In agile environments, each sprint is a chance to refine not just code, but the process itself. Grug’s idea that “small simple thing better than big clever thing” echoes this perfectly: effective software process management focuses on clarity, iteration, and team alignment over cleverness or premature optimization.

Reflecting on this, I realized that I often over complicate my own projects—whether by designing too many abstractions or worrying too much about tools instead of workflow. Going forward, I plan to apply Grug’s philosophy by prioritizing clarity in both my code and my project management habits. That means writing simpler documentation, refining processes only when necessary, and valuing human understanding above technical elegance.

In summary, The Grug Brained Developer provides a surprisingly profound take on process management: simplicity and communication are the real foundations of sustainable software development. I’ll carry this mindset into my future work, reminding myself that even in a world of complex methodologies, sometimes the best process is the simplest one.

From the blog CS@Worcester – My Coding Blog by Jared Delaney and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

VCS Safety Net: Protecting Code and Empowering Collaboration

For this quarter’s blog post, I chose to deepen my understanding of Version Control systems (VCS), specifically how tools like Git and platforms like GitHub and GitLab function within the software development lifecycle. Learning new tools and techniques takes continued practice, and learning Git was no different. My goal with this content is to strengthen my knowledge of the core concepts and purpose behind these vital tools, which is what my Software Process Management course is currently emphasizing working with and practicing.

I focused on a website from GitHub itself, which explained what version control is. I chose this resource because it provides a foundational explanation of VCS, its types, and current popular tools. This article, “What is Version Control?”, defines VCS as systems that give members working on the same project complete visibility into the history of the code, and centralize all members’ work. It describes how Distributed Version Control Systems (DVCS), like Git, are essential for software development. It explains key concepts including the ability to track every change, work independently, propose code additions, and safely integrate changes while preventing conflicts. In other words, the process of commits, branching, pull requests, and merging; all fundamental processes we are focusing on in my course.

Before this course, and diving into resources, my understanding of Git was minimal. I gained a much deeper grasp of how VCS tools are both seen as a safety net and a coordination tool. Branching is one of the most important steps within the software development process, as it allows a team (of however many or little) to work synchronously on a project without fear of overwriting or corrupting the main code. Allowing team members to work independently, cohesively, and in a time-efficient manner; while also being able to access and review modifications made by other members via accessing their branch of the project. 

Although all of the information is important, the section on best practices particularly resonated with me. While working with Git, we are encouraged to save changes in small increments, making sure to write a helpful commit message, rather than making large changes and saving at the end. Seeing this best practice emphasized in the article reinforced its importance. Using this technique significantly reduces conflicts and makes debugging errors and explaining changes much simpler. 

I expect that I will continue using Git throughout my professional career, and I plan to apply this understanding immediately as I continue working with Git in class. My goal is to use this knowledge and helpful techniques to practice improving my execution and workflow. I will prioritize working in small increments, committing those small changes, and reviewing my changes to ensure my progress is meeting expectations and to also contribute to the team’s collaboration.

Link to Main Resource:
– https://github.com/resources/articles/software-development/what-is-version-control – What is Version Control?

Link to Additional Resources:
– https://www.cbh.com/insights/articles/collaboration-tools-changing-the-workplace-landscape/ – Collaboration Tools Changing the Landscape of the Workplace

– https://www.planview.com/resources/articles/software-development-collaboration-tools-a-detailed-buyers-guide/ – Software Development Collaboration Tools: A Buyer’s Guide for Empowering Agile Teams

– https://fullscale.io/blog/benefits-collaborative-software-development/ – The Benefits of Collaborative Software Development

– https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/git/version-control-systems/# – Version Control Systems

– https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/git/what-is-git/ – What is Git?

– https://github.com/resources/articles/software-development/what-is-software-development – What is Software Development?

From the blog CS@Worcester – Vision Create Innovate by Elizabeth Baker and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Understanding Project Management

The blog post by David Hartshorne begins with covering the basics of what project management is. Project management covers the overall facets of how to meet and achieve the deadlines of a project such as setting goals, meetings, and communicating and collaborating the the stakeholders/customers. This is all done in order to insure that tasks are completed in an efficient and timely manner to avoid mistakes or possible challenges from popping up. The blog then moves into have many different types of companies from software to construction as examples that use project management. The main types of projects are,

Predictive: Follow a linear timeline between phases

Adaptive: Short periods of work with frequent check-ins and feedback

Hybrid: A blend of the two

There are also five main phases to the process of a project which are,

Initiating: Laying the foundation of the project including understanding the project scope, main overview and budget

Planning: Define members roles, goals, time tables, and needed resources

Executing: The start of the project, institute changes and suggestions as needed

Monitoring: Check-ins and consistent communication, keep and eye on the goals and overall task at hand

Closing: Deliver the project, Conduct overview on the project on what went good and bad and where to improve

I chose this blog post due to its depth on the topic of what project management is. The blog focuses on the overall scope of the project and all of the possible avenues that need to be considered from tools to aid the process, team members and their roles, phases, tips, and the main areas of management. I also was attracted to this topic due to its application to industry as having a key understanding of project management is needed when either running a project or being the best team member that you can be. Having read the blog, there has been a fundamental shift in how I view projects and my role in them and my other team members. The need to constant communication has only been further reinforced as the backbone of a solid project. Clear defining of roles and goals is also needed to ensure that everyone knows what they need to do. With goals, something that also stuck with me is to keep the prioritization of the goals that need to be completed all within a realistic scope. This stuck out to me as I often feel like and find that scope creep can quickly seep into projects and teams and take hold. I have also begun looking into and pursing how to apply the suggested team-based tools like roadmaps and time management software to help keep me on task and use on future projects such as some of the suggested software like “Waterfall” and “Agile”. This blog was an excellent source on information on the management process and I encourage everyone to read it for themselves.

Works Cited

Hartshorne, David. “A Guide to Project Management.” Monday.com Blog, 20 Dec. 2020, monday.com/blog/project-management/guide-to-project-management/

From the blog CS@Worcester – Dan's Blog by Daniel Fung-A-Fat and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Git and Its Significance in Modern Software Development

I decided to write my first self-directed post about a blog I found regarding Git and its significance in software development. During our course thus far, we have spent quite the amount of time learning Git; more importantly, why it exists and how to use it. This blog summarizes the importance of Git in modern software development. Prior to its creation, there was not a feasible or reliable way to maintain code amongst developers. This led to inefficient workflows and harder collaboration that may have impeded a developer’s ability to contribute effectively to a project. The blog claims that 85% of developers believe that Git’s introduction and adoption have made collaboration much easier than it was before. It later talks about what Git is, how to set it up and some basic use cases. The author writes about some common issues with Git such as merge conflicts and how to integrate it into your IDE. Later on, the article highlights some best practices such as meaningful commit messages or committing small changes, rather than many large changes at once.

For beginners to Git like me, this was useful to reinforce what we have learned in class so far. I chose this resource to learn more about Git outside of class. I had previously heard of Git and GitHub from prior usage of the Internet, though, I had no idea how it was used or how prevalent it would be within the computer science field. Since Git was a newer topic for me and one that I had not touched upon in my 7 years of studying information technology and computer science, I wanted to look more into it outside of class to get a better grasp on it. I feel that after reading this blog, I am more comfortable using Git than I was before. For me, I love to learn new things, and I find that learning something from multiple different angles is often most effective for me. Using this in combination with the lectures and practice from class has been a useful resource for me to improve my Git skills. Within the realm of software development, knowing Git, or at least how version control systems work, is imperative to being successful within the field. Even outside the field, knowing collaboration, effective communication, and teamwork is essential, since computer science is rarely an independent field. I also feel more confident after reading this article, knowing the best practices and common issues that I may run into while working in the field. Overall, this article was extremely effective in expanding my understanding on Git and version control systems.

The link to the article can be found here: https://blog.rheinwerk-computing.com/gits-significance-in-software-development

CS-348
CS@Worcester
Quarter-1

ZG

From the blog CS@Worcester – zach goddard by Zach Goddard and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

My Journey Learning Git

When I first started learning Git, it honestly felt like a different language. Everyone else around me seemed to know what they were doing cloning repos, branching and pushing changes to their remote repositories. I’d hesitate before every command, worried that I was about to break something permanently. Reading guides like DataCamp’s roadmap for beginners gave me … Read more

From the blog CS@Worcester – BforBuild by Johnson K and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

UML Diagrams With PlantUML

Week 5

This week I chose to expand my knowledge on UML class diagrams in PlantUML. I referred to the PlantUML website where they go over every command that is available to use and how they work. I wanted to read up on class diagrams to prepare myself for creating them in the homework assignment on UML diagrams and for refreshing my knowledge on UML. 

The website goes through all the types of elements you can create, relationships between them, putting labels on relations, defining visibility, adding methods and variables, and how to add notes. 

-The UML block is contained in “@startuml” and “@enduml”. In the dev container we used in class it is contained in ““`plantuml" and ““`”.
-To create a class, use “class <name> {<body>}”. If you want to make an abstract class or interface, you would do “abstract <name> {<body>}” or “interface <name> {<body>}”. 
-To define visibility modifiers for attributes and properties, use + for public, – for private, # for protected, and ~ for package private. By default, the diagram will show these symbols in colors and shapes, but that can be changed if wanted. A static attribute is defined with
“{static}” before the name.
-The site shows a lot of ways to create notes and all the things you can do to change them, like location, size, color, line breaks, etc, which can be useful to categorize notes in your diagram. 
-You can also change the colors of classes and elements, which can help to organize as well.
-Another element you utilize is arrows, when a class is defined, you can say “implements <class>” or “extends <class>” and it will automatically use the correct arrow. But, you can create your own arrows for associations by using “–>”, “-[bold]->”, “-[dashed->”, “-[hidden]->, or “-[plain]->” with the class names on either side. Notes can be attached to arrows as well. For example: Order “many” –> “1” Customer

I referenced the site a lot while doing the UML homework for a refresher. While working on the base assignment, I was cross referencing a lot to make sure I was doing it correctly, but when I got to the advanced assignment, I felt a lot more confident and comfortable with creating UML diagrams in VSCode and only needed to reference it for creating static variables. 

UML diagrams are essential for smooth code developing and finding any structural issues before you’re too deep in a project. Having the knowledge and practice to create them will definitely help me outside of this class. Using PlantUML is now something I feel like I can say I can do in real life. In the future, if we make more diagrams in class or if in a job they ask me to make one, I feel comfortable telling them I can make one.

From the blog ALIDA NORDQUIST by alidanordquist and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.

Blog 1 Version Control

 Version Control in Software Process Management 

I am Dipesh Bhatta, and I am writing this blog entry for CS-348 Software Process Management for Blog Quarter 1. I chose to write about version control and how it is applied in software process management. My chosen resource is an article entitled “What is Version Control?” by Atlassian’s Git tutorials ( https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/what-is-version-control ). This passage explains what version control is, why software projects require it, and how developers use it in practice. 

The passage defines version control as a process that records file changes over time. It allows several people to work on the same project simultaneously without losing work or overwriting each other’s work. Another important advantage is that version control has a complete history of the project, and developers can go back to an earlier version or reverse mistakes when necessary. The article also explains how the older systems, like the centralized ones such as Subversion (SVN), differ from newer distributed systems such as Git. Git has risen to be the most widely used version control system because it offers each developer a full copy of the project; thus, it is reliable and flexible. Apart from this, the article captures the workflows like branching, merging, and pull requests, which make collaboration safer and more structured. 

I used this resource because version control is associated with managing the software process, the subject of CS-348. The course is all about managing software development in an organized fashion, and version control is one of the most important tools used to facilitate this process. I also wanted to understand the reason why version control is crucial and not just how to use it, since understanding its purpose makes me aware of its application in professional software development. 

This article made me realize version control is not just saving code—it is a process of keeping collaboration and advancement. Without it, projects quickly become unmanageable, and you can’t even know who did what to the code. The explanation of Git branches was most helpful because it mirrors what we do in CS-348. Branches allow developers to experiment with new functionality without affecting the original codebase, and this is a clear demonstration of process management in action. 

The article also got me to think about my own working habits. Writing good commitment messages, responsible use of branches, and adherence to a process-based workflow are all habits that enhance collaboration and project quality. These habits will benefit me in group projects from now on and later in professional work. 

In short, version control is an essential part of software process management. It facilitates collaboration, organization, and accountability—all major themes in CS-348. By performing these routines throughout Blog Quarter 1, I am creating technical skills as well as professional routines that will benefit me throughout my career. 

From the blog CS@Worcester – dipeshbhattaprofile by Dipesh Bhatta and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.