This week I was viewing the syllabus topics and found a short article written by Rosie Faulkner, LAMP stack developer, where she describes the principle of least knowledge relating to software development.
Rosie coins the principle of least knowledge as “One of the most important software design principles” and defines the principle as “loose coupling, in that your code or your class depends on the least number of other classes in order to function.”
Rosie also states that the principle’s main focus is modularity and that a code’s modularity is important as to reduce the chances of code becoming overly complex/opaque and/or causing naturally occurring errors to become a frequent issue. By keeping our code as simple as possible, developers can create and maintain code while being more confident that new changes or updates will not affect/break anything. The less dependent (where possible) your code can become from third-party libraries the more secure and clear your code becomes overall by allowing others to view what is being done directly versus having to familiarize themselves with a new library.
By following the principle of least knowledge a developer can avoid their code from becoming Rigid, Fragile, Immobile, Overly Complex, and/or Unclear (or Opaque). By restraining from using third-party code, you can reduce the reliance on outside systems (where possible) which in turn will help not only yourself but also others in being able to view and understand your code directly. This will allow everyone to meaningfully contribute to whatever the project may be since all will have a proper understanding of what is being done.
An example where this can be displayed, given by Rosie, is a class that allows you to locate a user’s country using the IP of the given user. Rosie states “You could use a third-party class to do so” but security may become an issue over time and unsuspected updates may cause outages resulting in downtime and/or errors for users. Instead, if you create your method to return a user’s country you can directly change and update the code as needed and be able to view and tweak code with more transparency.
I often find when I am coding that I tend to over-complicate whatever I am trying to do. One example would be looking for ways to work around creating functions myself by using external systems instead. After reviewing this article, It’s more prevalent to me that trying to create the least amount of lines for a block of code doesn’t always relate to the health of the code as well. By taking a step back and reviewing what I am trying to complete and what remains to be done, I will be able in the future to partition which code should be used and what should be refactored to create the most healthy and maintainable coding environment possible. This will save me from future headaches due to negating the risk of unexpected changes/updates breaking things.
Article Link: https://medium.com/@faulknerproject/the-principle-of-least-knowledge-in-software-development-499b7a28aa14
From the blog CS@Worcester – Eli's Corner of the Internet by Eli and used with permission of the author. All other rights reserved by the author.